You'll need a Tadpole (ideally with some Chassis upgrades) to survive the Collector Leviathan that guards the massive trench. It's a few hundred meters wide, and there's no cover to hide from the massive monster. Trying to swim across unaided is a death sentence.
On the other side of the chasm, you'll find some strange Alien Ruins. Conduit Crystals will appear near the Alien Ruins starting at depths of 300 meters.

You can find Conduit Crystals growing on the edges of the circular alien platforms throughout this biome, and it also grows on ledges and cliffs as you get deeper.

After 400 meters deep, you'll start to see it growing on the seafloor.
Conduit Crystal Farming Spots
The best Conduit Crystal farming route is near the Axum Vision Angel Comb, which is east of the Alien Ruins. Start by following the roots east from the Alien Ruins to reach the Angel Comb.

There, you'll spot an alien structure built into the cliff to the southeast. There are a few Conduit Crystals growing on the ledges sticking out of the cliff face.

After harvesting those with a Sonic Resonator, follow the purple roots northeast from the Angel Comb through the dark trench.

When the trench starts to widen on the other side, the roots will split off to the right. Turn right and keep following them.

You'll end up near a patch of Conduit Crystals glowing on the seabed.

Since each Conduit Crystal gets you two pieces, you'll end up with roughly a dozen Conduit Crystals from this route. They respawn fairly often, so you can run this route repeatedly to stock up.